When it comes to the frequency bands used for various technologies, these depend on your location globally. There are technologies based on mobile networks, such as LTE-M and NB-IoT, as well as technologies relying on unlicensed frequencies like SigFox and LoRaWAN. Additionally, there are short-range technologies like Bluetooth LE, among others. The technologies employ different types of signaling and operate in various frequency bands, as detailed in the table below. LPWA networks transmit a limited amount of data, often just a few bytes per message, and operate within relatively restricted channel spaces.
Frequencies Table for LPWAN in Europe
| Technology | Bandwidth | Duplex | Number of Antennas | Frequency (MHz) | Latency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTE-M | 1.08 MHz | Full/half | 1 | 699-960/1710-2170 | 10-15 ms |
| NB-IoT | 180 kHz | Half | 1 | 699-960/1710-2170 | <10 s |
| SigFox | 0.1-100 Hz | Half | 1 | 868.130-869.525 | >20 s |
| LoRaWAN | 125 kHz | Half | 1 | 433/863-870 | 1-100 ms |
| Bluetooth LE | 2 MHz | Full/half | 1 | 2,400 | <3 ms |
Note: LPWA stands for Low Power Wide Area, and frequency bands vary depending on geographical location. Latency times are approximate and may vary depending on network load and other factors.